The role of modern neuroscience in the renaissance of psychedelic research
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.22544/rcps.v44i01.10Keywords:
psychedelic, psilocybin, serotonin, systems neuroscience, translational neuroscience, basic neuroscienceAbstract
The primary objective of this review is to highlight the increasing relevance of experimental neuroscience in advancing the mechanistic understanding and translational potential of classic psychedelics and other psychoactive substances of interest. First, we review clinical evidence for the therapeutic potential of psychedelics in the context of depression, anxiety, and addiction. Second,we review recent basic neuroscientific findings regarding the molecular and neural circuit bases of psychedelic action, with a focus on contributions from systems neuroscience. We survey recent advances in experimental neuroscience techniques that are well-poised to advance our mechanistic understanding of psychedelics by identifying the specific brain circuits that contribute to distinctaspects of the psychedelic experience. We end by noting that many promising psychoactive substances are woefully understudied in comparison to the more popular psychedelics. Studying their effects on neural circuits and behavior could be a fruitful and financially feasible direction for burgeoning neuroscience research institutions.References
Abdus-Saboor, I., Fried, N. T., Lay, M., Burdge, J., Swanson, K., Fischer, R., Jones, J., Dong, P., Cai, W., Guo, X., Tao, Y.-X., Bethea, J., Ma, M., Dong, X., Ding, L., & Luo, W. (2019). Development of a Mouse Pain Scale Using Sub-second Behavioral Mapping and Statistical Modeling. Cell Reports, 28(6), 1623-1634.e4.
Andersen, K. A. A., Carhart-Harris, R., Nutt, D. J., & Erritzoe, D. (2021). Therapeutic effects of classic serotonergic psychedelics: A systematic review of modern-era clinical studies. Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, 143(2), 101–118.
Bogenschutz, M. P., Forcehimes, A. A., Pommy, J. A., Wilcox, C. E., Barbosa, P. C. R., & Strassman, R. J. (2015). Psilocybin-assisted treatment for alcohol dependence: a proof-of-concept study. Journal of Psychopharmacology , 29(3), 289–299.
Bogenschutz, M. P., Ross, S., Bhatt, S., Baron, T., Forcehimes, A. A., Laska, E., Mennenga, S. E., O’Donnell, K., Owens, L. T., Podrebarac, S., Rotrosen, J., Tonigan, J. S., & Worth, L. (2022). Percentage of Heavy Drinking Days Following Psilocybin-Assisted Psychotherapy vs Placebo in the Treatment of Adult Patients With Alcohol Use Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry . https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.2096
Boyden, E. S., Zhang, F., Bamberg, E., Nagel, G., & Deisseroth, K. (2005). Millisecond-timescale, genetically targeted optical control of neural activity. Nature Neuroscience, 8(9), 1263–1268.
Breeksema, J. J., Niemeijer, A. R., Krediet, E., Vermetten, E., & Schoevers, R. A. (2020). Psychedelic Treatments for Psychiatric Disorders: A Systematic Review and Thematic Synthesis of Patient Experiences in Qualitative Studies. CNS Drugs, 34(9), 925.
Brys, I., Barrientos, S. A., Ward, J. E., Wallander, J., Petersson, P., & Halje, P. (2023). 5-HT2AR and NMDAR psychedelics induce similar hyper-synchronous states in the rat cognitive-limbic cortex-basal ganglia system. Communications Biology, 6(1), 737.
Cahill, K., Stevens, S., Perera, R., & Lancaster, T. (2013). Pharmacological interventions for smoking cessation: an overview and network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews , 2013(5), CD009329.
Cameron, L. P., Benson, C. J., Dunlap, L. E., & Olson, D. E. (2018). Effects of N, N-Dimethyltryptamine on Rat Behaviors Relevant to Anxiety and Depression. ACS Chemical Neuroscience, 9(7), 1582–1590.
Cameron, L. P., Tombari, R. J., Lu, J., Pell, A. J., Hurley, Z. Q., Ehinger, Y., Vargas, M. V., McCarroll, M. N., Taylor, J. C., Myers-Turnbull, D., Liu, T., Yaghoobi, B., Laskowski, L. J., Anderson, E. I., Zhang, G., Viswanathan, J., Brown, B. M., Tjia, M., Dunlap, L. E., … Olson, D. E. (2021). A non-hallucinogenic psychedelic analogue with therapeutic potential. Nature, 589(7842), 474–479.
Campbell, E. J., & Marchant, N. J. (2018). The use of chemogenetics in behavioural neuroscience: receptor variants, targeting approaches and caveats. British Journal of Pharmacology, 175(7), 994–1003.
Cao, D., Yu, J., Wang, H., Luo, Z., Liu, X., He, L., Qi, J., Fan, L., Tang, L., Chen, Z., Li, J., Cheng, J., & Wang, S. (2022). Structure-based discovery of nonhallucinogenic psychedelic analogs. Science, 375(6579), 403–411.
Carhart-Harris, R. L., Bolstridge, M., Rucker, J., Day, C. M. J., Erritzoe, D., Kaelen, M., Bloomfield, M., Rickard, J. A., Forbes, B., Feilding, A., Taylor, D., Pilling, S., Curran, V. H., & Nutt, D. J. (2016). Psilocybin with psychological support for treatment-resistant depression: an open-label feasibility study. The Lancet. Psychiatry, 3(7), 619–627.
Carhart-Harris, R. L., & Goodwin, G. M. (2017). The Therapeutic Potential of Psychedelic Drugs: Past, Present, and Future. Neuropsychopharmacology: Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 42(11), 2105–2113.
Carhart-Harris Robin, Giribaldi Bruna, Watts Rosalind, Baker-Jones Michelle, Murphy-Beiner Ashleigh, Murphy Roberta, Martell Jonny, Blemings Allan, Erritzoe David, & Nutt David J. (2021). Trial of Psilocybin versus Escitalopram for Depression. The New England Journal of Medicine, 384(15), 1402–1411.
Carod-Artal, F. J. (2015). Hallucinogenic drugs in pre-Columbian Mesoamerican cultures. Neurologia , 30(1), 42–49.
Cassidy, C. M., Balsam, P. D., Weinstein, J. J., Rosengard, R. J., Slifstein, M., Daw, N. D., Abi-Dargham, A., & Horga, G. (2018). A Perceptual Inference Mechanism for Hallucinations Linked to Striatal Dopamine. Current Biology: CB, 28(4), 503-514.e4.
Center for Drug Evaluation, & Research. (2024, March 21). Frequently Asked Questions: Breakthrough Therapies. U.S. Food and Drug Administration; FDA. https://www.fda.gov/regulatory-information/food-and-drug-administration-safety-and-innovation-act-fdasia/frequently-asked-questions-breakthrough-therapies
Chen, K., Tian, Z., & Kong, L. (2022). Advances of optical miniscopes for in vivo imaging of neural activity in freely moving animals. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 16, 994079.
Chen, T.-W., Wardill, T. J., Sun, Y., Pulver, S. R., Renninger, S. L., Baohan, A., Schreiter, E. R., Kerr, R. A., Orger, M. B., Jayaraman, V., Looger, L. L., Svoboda, K., & Kim, D. S. (2013). Ultrasensitive fluorescent proteins for imaging neuronal activity. Nature, 499(7458), 295–300.
Christoffel, D. J., Walsh, J. J., Hoerbelt, P., Heifets, B. D., Llorach, P., Lopez, R. C., Ramakrishnan, C., Deisseroth, K., & Malenka, R. C. (2021). Selective filtering of excitatory inputs to nucleus accumbens by dopamine and serotonin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 118(24). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2106648118
Corne, S. J., & Pickering, R. W. (1967). A possible correlation between drug-induced hallucinations in man and a behavioural response in mice. Psychopharmacologia, 11(1), 65–78.
Corne, S. J., Pickering, R. W., & Warner, B. T. (1963). A method for assessing the effects of drugs on the central actions of 5-hydroxytryptamine. British Journal of Pharmacology and Chemotherapy, 20(1), 106–120.
Davis, A. K., Barrett, F. S., May, D. G., Cosimano, M. P., Sepeda, N. D., Johnson, M. W., Finan, P. H., & Griffiths, R. R. (2021). Effects of Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy on Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Psychiatry , 78(5), 481–489.
de la Fuente Revenga, M., Shin, J. M., Vohra, H. Z., Hideshima, K. S., Schneck, M., Poklis, J. L., & González-Maeso, J. (2019). Fully automated head-twitch detection system for the study of 5-HT2A receptor pharmacology in vivo. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 14247.
Deisseroth, K. (2015). Optogenetics: 10 years of microbial opsins in neuroscience. Nature Neuroscience, 18(9), 1213–1225.
Domenico, C., Haggerty, D., Mou, X., & Ji, D. (2021). LSD degrades hippocampal spatial representations and suppresses hippocampal-visual cortical interactions. Cell Reports, 36(11), 109714.
Dong, C., Ly, C., Dunlap, L. E., Vargas, M. V., Sun, J., Hwang, I.-W., Azinfar, A., Oh, W. C., Wetsel, W. C., Olson, D. E., & Tian, L. (2021). Psychedelic-inspired drug discovery using an engineered biosensor. Cell, 184(10), 2779-2792.e18.
Dos Santos, R. G., Bouso, J. C., Alcázar-Córcoles, M. Á., & Hallak, J. E. C. (2018). Efficacy, tolerability, and safety of serotonergic psychedelics for the management of mood, anxiety, and substance-use disorders: a systematic review of systematic reviews. Expert Review of Clinical Pharmacology, 11(9), 889–902.
Ekins, T. G., Brooks, I., Kailasa, S., Rybicki-Kler, C., Jedrasiak-Cape, I., Donoho, E., Mashour, G. A., Rech, J., & Ahmed, O. J. (2023). Cellular rules underlying psychedelic control of prefrontal pyramidal neurons. BioRxiv : The Preprint Server for Biology. https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.10.20.563334
El-Seedi, H. R., De Smet, P. A. G. M., Beck, O., Possnert, G., & Bruhn, J. G. (2005). Prehistoric peyote use: alkaloid analysis and radiocarbon dating of archaeological specimens of Lophophora from Texas. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 101(1–3), 238–242.
Fiorella, D., Rabin, R. A., & Winter, J. C. (1995). Role of 5-HT2A and 5-HT2C receptors in the stimulus effects of hallucinogenic drugs. II: Reassessment of LSD false positives. Psychopharmacology, 121(3), 357–363.
Forrest, M. P., Parnell, E., & Penzes, P. (2018). Dendritic structural plasticity and neuropsychiatric disease. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, 19(4), 215–234.
Gasser, P., Holstein, D., Michel, Y., Doblin, R., Yazar-Klosinski, B., Passie, T., & Brenneisen, R. (2014). Safety and efficacy of lysergic acid diethylamide-assisted psychotherapy for anxiety associated with life-threatening diseases. The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease, 202(7), 513–520.
Gonçalves, J., Luís, Â., Gallardo, E., & Duarte, A. P. (2021). Psychoactive Substances of Natural Origin: Toxicological Aspects, Therapeutic Properties and Analysis in Biological Samples. Molecules , 26(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules26051397
Goodwin, G. M., Aaronson, S. T., Alvarez, O., Arden, P. C., Baker, A., Bennett, J. C., Bird, C., Blom, R. E., Brennan, C., Brusch, D., Burke, L., Campbell-Coker, K., Carhart-Harris, R., Cattell, J., Daniel, A., DeBattista, C., Dunlop, B. W., Eisen, K., Feifel, D., … Malievskaia, E. (2022). Single-Dose Psilocybin for a Treatment-Resistant Episode of Major Depression. The New England Journal of Medicine, 387(18), 1637–1648.
Goodwin, G. M., Croal, M., Feifel, D., Kelly, J. R., Marwood, L., Mistry, S., O’Keane, V., Peck, S. K., Simmons, H., Sisa, C., Stansfield, S. C., Tsai, J., Williams, S., & Malievskaia, E. (2023). Psilocybin for treatment resistant depression in patients taking a concomitant SSRI medication. Neuropsychopharmacology: Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 48(10), 1492–1499.
Gregorio, D. D., Popic, J., Enns, J. P., Inserra, A., Skalecka, A., Markopoulos, A., Posa, L., Lopez-Canul, M., Qianzi, H., Lafferty, C. K., Britt, J. P., Comai, S., Aguilar-Valles, A., Sonenberg, N., & Gobbi, G. (2021). Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) promotes social behavior through mTORC1 in the excitatory neurotransmission. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(5), e2020705118.
Grieco, S. F., Castrén, E., Knudsen, G. M., Kwan, A. C., Olson, D. E., Zuo, Y., Holmes, T. C., & Xu, X. (2022). Psychedelics and Neural Plasticity: Therapeutic Implications. The Journal of Neuroscience: The Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience, 42(45), 8439–8449.
Grienberger, C., Giovannucci, A., Zeiger, W., & Portera-Cailliau, C. (2022). Two-photon calcium imaging of neuronal activity. Nature Reviews. Methods Primers, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s43586-022-00147-1
Grienberger, C., & Konnerth, A. (2012). Imaging calcium in neurons. Neuron, 73(5), 862–885.
Griffiths, R. R., Johnson, M. W., Carducci, M. A., Umbricht, A., Richards, W. A., Richards, B. D., Cosimano, M. P., & Klinedinst, M. A. (2016). Psilocybin produces substantial and sustained decreases in depression and anxiety in patients with life-threatening cancer: A randomized double-blind trial. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 30(12), 1181–1197.
Grob, C. S., Danforth, A. L., Chopra, G. S., Hagerty, M., McKay, C. R., Halberstadt, A. L., & Greer, G. R. (2011). Pilot study of psilocybin treatment for anxiety in patients with advanced-stage cancer. Archives of General Psychiatry, 68(1), 71–78.
Halberstadt, A. L., Chatha, M., Klein, A. K., Wallach, J., & Brandt, S. D. (2020). Correlation between the potency of hallucinogens in the mouse head-twitch response assay and their behavioral and subjective effects in other species. Neuropharmacology, 167, 107933.
Halberstadt, A. L., & Geyer, M. A. (2018). Effect of Hallucinogens on Unconditioned Behavior. Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences, 36, 159.
Hendricks, P. S., Thorne, C. B., Clark, C. B., Coombs, D. W., & Johnson, M. W. (2015). Classic psychedelic use is associated with reduced psychological distress and suicidality in the United States adult population. Journal of Psychopharmacology , 29(3), 280–288.
Hesselgrave, N., Troppoli, T. A., Wulff, A. B., Cole, A. B., & Thompson, S. M. (2021). Harnessing psilocybin: antidepressant-like behavioral and synaptic actions of psilocybin are independent of 5-HT2R activation in mice. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 118(17). https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2022489118
Hsu, A. I., & Yttri, E. A. (2021). B-SOiD, an open-source unsupervised algorithm for identification and fast prediction of behaviors. Nature Communications, 12(1), 5188.
Jakab, R. L., & Goldman-Rakic, P. S. (1998). 5-Hydroxytryptamine2A serotonin receptors in the primate cerebral cortex: possible site of action of hallucinogenic and antipsychotic drugs in pyramidal cell apical dendrites. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 95(2), 735–740.
Jaster, A. M., & González-Maeso, J. (2023). Automated Detection of Psychedelic-Induced Head-Twitch Response in Mice. Methods in Molecular Biology , 2687, 65–76.
Johnson, M. W., Garcia-Romeu, A., Cosimano, M. P., & Griffiths, R. R. (2014). Pilot study of the 5-HT2AR agonist psilocybin in the treatment of tobacco addiction. Journal of Psychopharmacology , 28(11), 983–992.
Johnson, M. W., Garcia-Romeu, A., & Griffiths, R. R. (2017). Long-term follow-up of psilocybin-facilitated smoking cessation. The American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, 43(1), 55–60.
Johnson, M. W., Griffiths, R. R., Hendricks, P. S., & Henningfield, J. E. (2018). The abuse potential of medical psilocybin according to the 8 factors of the Controlled Substances Act. Neuropharmacology, 142, 143–166.
Kang, H. J., Minamimoto, T., Wess, J., & Roth, B. L. (2023). Chemogenetics for cell-type-specific modulation of signalling and neuronal activity. Nature Reviews Methods Primers, 3(1), 1–17.
Kaplan, A. L., Confair, D. N., Kim, K., Barros-Álvarez, X., Rodriguiz, R. M., Yang, Y., Kweon, O. S., Che, T., McCorvy, J. D., Kamber, D. N., Phelan, J. P., Martins, L. C., Pogorelov, V. M., DiBerto, J. F., Slocum, S. T., Huang, X.-P., Kumar, J. M., Robertson, M. J., Panova, O., … Ellman, J. A. (2022). Bespoke library docking for 5-HT2A receptor agonists with antidepressant activity. Nature, 610(7932), 582–591.
Kargbo, R. B. (2023). Psychoplastogens: A Novel Therapeutic Approach for Neurological Diseases and Disorders.
ACS Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 14(9), 1144–1145.
Keller, D. L., & Umbreit, W. W. (1956). Permanent alteration of behavior in mice by chemical and psychological means. Science , 124(3225), 723–724.
Khan, I. (1979). Convention on psychotropic substances, 1971. The role and responsibilities of the World Health Organization. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology, 3(1–3), 11–14.
Klapoetke, N. C., Murata, Y., Kim, S. S., Pulver, S. R., Birdsey-Benson, A., Cho, Y. K., Morimoto, T. K., Chuong, A. S., Carpenter, E. J., Tian, Z., Wang, J., Xie, Y., Yan, Z., Zhang, Y., Chow, B. Y., Surek, B., Melkonian, M., Jayaraman, V., Constantine-Paton, M., … Boyden, E. S. (2014). Independent optical excitation of distinct neural populations. Nature Methods, 11(3), 338–346.
Knudsen, G. M. (n.d.). Sustained effects of single doses of classical psychedelics in humans. Neuropsychopharmacology: Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 48(1), 145–150.
Krebs, T. S., & Johansen, P.-Ø. (2012). Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) for alcoholism: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Psychopharmacology , 26(7), 994–1002.
Kwan, A. C., Olson, D. E., Preller, K. H., & Roth, B. L. (2022). The neural basis of psychedelic action. Nature Neuroscience, 25(11), 1407–1419.
Lu, J., Tjia, M., Mullen, B., Cao, B., Lukasiewicz, K., Shah-Morales, S., Weiser, S., Cameron, L. P., Olson, D. E., Chen, L., & Zuo, Y. (2021). An analog of psychedelics restores functional neural circuits disrupted by unpredictable stress. Molecular Psychiatry, 26(11), 6237–6252.
Ly, C., Greb, A. C., Cameron, L. P., Wong, J. M., Barragan, E. V., Wilson, P. C., Burbach, K. F., Soltanzadeh Zarandi, S., Sood, A., Paddy, M. R., Duim, W. C., Dennis, M. Y., McAllister, A. K., Ori-McKenney, K. M., Gray, J. A., & Olson, D. E. (2018). Psychedelics Promote Structural and Functional Neural Plasticity. Cell Reports, 23(11), 3170–3182.
Mahn, M., Gibor, L., Patil, P., Cohen-Kashi Malina, K., Oring, S., Printz, Y., Levy, R., Lampl, I., & Yizhar, O. (2018). High-efficiency optogenetic silencing with soma-targeted anion-conducting channelrhodopsins. Nature Communications, 9(1), 4125.
Marona-Lewicka, D., Thisted, R. A., & Nichols, D. E. (2005). Distinct temporal phases in the behavioral pharmacology of LSD: dopamine D2 receptor-mediated effects in the rat and implications for psychosis. Psychopharmacology, 180(3), 427–435.
Masson, J., Emerit, M. B., Hamon, M., & Darmon, M. (2012). Serotonergic signaling: multiple effectors and pleiotropic effects. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews. Membrane Transport and Signaling, 1(6), 685–713.
Mathis, A., Mamidanna, P., Cury, K. M., Abe, T., Murthy, V. N., Mathis, M. W., & Bethge, M. (2018). DeepLabCut: markerless pose estimation of user-defined body parts with deep learning. Nature Neuroscience, 21(9), 1281–1289.
McCall, R. B. (1982). Neurophysiological effects of hallucinogens on serotonergic neuronal systems. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 6(4), 509–514.
McClure-Begley, T. D., & Roth, B. L. (2022). The promises and perils of psychedelic pharmacology for psychiatry. Nature Reviews. Drug Discovery, 1–11.
Michaiel, A. M., Parker, P. R. L., & Niell, C. M. (2019). A Hallucinogenic Serotonin-2A Receptor Agonist Reduces Visual Response Gain and Alters Temporal Dynamics in Mouse V1. Cell Reports, 26(13), 3475-3483.e4.
Millière, R., Carhart-Harris, R. L., Roseman, L., Trautwein, F.-M., & Berkovich-Ohana, A. (2018). Psychedelics, Meditation, and Self-Consciousness. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, 1475.
Moreno, F. A., Wiegand, C. B., Taitano, E. K., & Delgado, P. L. (2006). Safety, tolerability, and efficacy of psilocybin in 9 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder. The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 67(11), 1735–1740.
Nagai, Y., Miyakawa, N., Takuwa, H., Hori, Y., Oyama, K., Ji, B., Takahashi, M., Huang, X.-P., Slocum, S. T., DiBerto, J. F., Xiong, Y., Urushihata, T., Hirabayashi, T., Fujimoto, A., Mimura, K., English, J. G., Liu, J., Inoue, K.-I., Kumata, K., … Minamimoto, T. (2020). Deschloroclozapine, a potent and selective chemogenetic actuator enables rapid neuronal and behavioral modulations in mice and monkeys. Nature Neuroscience, 23(9), 1157–1167.
Nichols, D. E., Johnson, M. W., & Nichols, C. D. (2017). Psychedelics as Medicines: An Emerging New Paradigm. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 101(2), 209–219.
Nichols, David E. (2016). Psychedelics. Pharmacological Reviews, 68(2), 264–355.
Nielson, E. M., May, D. G., Forcehimes, A. A., & Bogenschutz, M. P. (2018). The Psychedelic Debriefing in Alcohol Dependence Treatment: Illustrating Key Change Phenomena through Qualitative Content Analysis of Clinical Sessions. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 9, 132.
Nutt, D., Erritzoe, D., & Carhart-Harris, R. (2020). Psychedelic Psychiatry’s Brave New World. Cell, 181(1), 24–28.
O’Donnell, K. C., Mennenga, S. E., Owens, L. T., Podrebarac, S. K., Baron, T., Rotrosen, J., Ross, S., Forcehimes, A. A., & Bogenschutz, M. P. (2022). Psilocybin for alcohol use disorder: Rationale and design considerations for a randomized controlled trial. Contemporary Clinical Trials, 123, 106976.
Osmond, H. (1957). A review of the clinical effects of psychotomimetic agents. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 66(3), 418–434.
Patriarchi, T., Cho, J. R., Merten, K., Howe, M. W., Marley, A., Xiong, W.-H., Folk, R. W., Broussard, G. J., Liang, R., Jang, M. J., Zhong, H., Dombeck, D., von Zastrow, M., Nimmerjahn, A., Gradinaru, V., Williams, J. T., & Tian, L. (2018). Ultrafast neuronal imaging of dopamine dynamics with designed genetically encoded sensors. Science, 360(6396). https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aat4422
Pereira, T. D., Tabris, N., Matsliah, A., Turner, D. M., Li, J., Ravindranath, S., Papadoyannis, E. S., Normand, E., Deutsch, D. S., Wang, Z. Y., McKenzie-Smith, G. C., Mitelut, C. C., Castro, M. D., D’Uva, J., Kislin, M., Sanes, D. H., Kocher, S. D., Wang, S. S.-H., Falkner, A. L., … Murthy, M. (2022). SLEAP: A deep learning system for multi-animal pose tracking. Nature Methods, 19(4), 486–495.
Raison, C. L., Sanacora, G., Woolley, J., Heinzerling, K., Dunlop, B. W., Brown, R. T., Kakar, R., Hassman, M., Trivedi, R. P., Robison, R., Gukasyan, N., Nayak, S. M., Hu, X., O’Donnell, K. C., Kelmendi, B., Sloshower, J., Penn, A. D., Bradley, E., Kelly, D. F., … Griffiths, R. R. (2023). Single-Dose Psilocybin Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 330(9), 843–853.
Ray, T. S. (2010). Psychedelics and the human receptorome. PloS One, 5(2), e9019.
Reiff, C. M., Richman, E. E., Nemeroff, C. B., Carpenter, L. L., Widge, A. S., Rodriguez, C. I., Kalin, N. H., McDonald, W. M., & the Work Group on Biomarkers and Novel Treatments, a Division of the American Psychiatric Association Council of Research. (2020). Psychedelics and Psychedelic-Assisted Psychotherapy. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 177(5), 391–410.
Rose, D., & Horn, G. (1977). Effects of LSD on the response of single units in cat visual cortex. Experimental Brain Research. Experimentelle Hirnforschung. Experimentation Cerebrale, 27(1), 71–80.
Ross, S., Bossis, A., Guss, J., Agin-Liebes, G., Malone, T., Cohen, B., Mennenga, S. E., Belser, A., Kalliontzi, K., Babb, J., Su, Z., Corby, P., & Schmidt, B. L. (2016). Rapid and sustained symptom reduction following psilocybin treatment for anxiety and depression in patients with life-threatening cancer: a randomized controlled trial. Journal of Psychopharmacology , 30(12), 1165–1180.
Roth, B. L., Berry, S. A., Kroeze, W. K., Willins, D. L., & Kristiansen, K. (1998). Serotonin 5-HT2A receptors: molecular biology and mechanisms of regulation. Critical Reviews in Neurobiology, 12(4), 319–338.
Roth, Bryan L. (2016). DREADDs for Neuroscientists. Neuron, 89(4), 683–694.
Rucker, J. J., Jelen, L. A., Flynn, S., Frowde, K. D., & Young, A. H. (2016). Psychedelics in the treatment of unipolar mood disorders: a systematic review. Journal of Psychopharmacology , 30(12), 1220–1229.
Sabatini, B. L., & Tian, L. (2020). Imaging Neurotransmitter and Neuromodulator Dynamics In Vivo with Genetically Encoded Indicators. Neuron, 108(1), 17–32.
Sadgrove, N. J. (2022). Rumors of Psychedelics, Psychotropics and Related Derivatives in Vachellia and Senegalia in Contrast with Verified Records in Australian Acacia. Plants, 11(23). https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11233356
Savage, C., & McCabe, O. L. (1973). Residential psychedelic (LSD) therapy for the narcotic addict. A controlled study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 28(6), 808–814.
Schneier, F. R., Feusner, J., Wheaton, M. G., Gomez, G. J., Cornejo, G., Naraindas, A. M., & Hellerstein, D. J. (2023). Pilot study of single-dose psilocybin for serotonin reuptake inhibitor-resistant body dysmorphic disorder. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 161, 364–370.
Shao, L.-X., Liao, C., Gregg, I., Davoudian, P. A., Savalia, N. K., Delagarza, K., & Kwan, A. C. (2021). Psilocybin induces rapid and persistent growth of dendritic spines in frontal cortex in vivo. Neuron, 109(16), 2535-2544.e4.
Simpson, E. H., Akam, T., Patriarchi, T., Blanco-Pozo, M., Burgeno, L. M., Mohebi, A., Cragg, S. J., & Walton, M. E. (2024). Lights, fiber, action! A primer on in vivo fiber photometry. Neuron, 112(5), 718–739.
Smausz, R., Neill, J., & Gigg, J. (2022). Neural mechanisms underlying psilocybin’s therapeutic potential - the need for preclinical in vivo electrophysiology. Journal of Psychopharmacology , 36(7), 781–793.
Sprouse, J. S., & Aghajanian, G. K. (1987). Electrophysiological responses of serotoninergic dorsal raphe neurons to 5-HT1A and 5-HT1B agonists. Synapse , 1(1), 3–9.
Steinmetz, N. A., Koch, C., Harris, K. D., & Carandini, M. (2018). Challenges and opportunities for large-scale electrophysiology with Neuropixels probes. Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 50, 92–100.
Stevenson, I. H., & Kording, K. P. (2011). How advances in neural recording affect data analysis. Nature Neuroscience, 14(2), 139–142.
Stosiek, C., Garaschuk, O., Holthoff, K., & Konnerth, A. (2003). In vivo two-photon calcium imaging of neuronal networks. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 100(12), 7319–7324.
Swanson, L. R. (2018). Unifying Theories of Psychedelic Drug Effects. Frontiers in Pharmacology, 9, 172.
Takahashi, N., Ebner, C., Sigl-Glöckner, J., Moberg, S., Nierwetberg, S., & Larkum, M. E. (2020). Active dendritic currents gate descending cortical outputs in perception. Nature Neuroscience, 23(10), 1277–1285.
Takahashi, N., Oertner, T. G., Hegemann, P., & Larkum, M. E. (2016). Active cortical dendrites modulate perception. Science, 354(6319), 1587–1590.
Thomas, K., Malcolm, B., & Lastra, D. (2017). Psilocybin-Assisted Therapy: A Review of a Novel Treatment for Psychiatric Disorders. Journal of Psychoactive Drugs, 49(5), 446–455.
Unger, E. K., Keller, J. P., Altermatt, M., Liang, R., Matsui, A., Dong, C., Hon, O. J., Yao, Z., Sun, J., Banala, S., Flanigan, M. E., Jaffe, D. A., Hartanto, S., Carlen, J., Mizuno, G. O., Borden, P. M., Shivange, A. V., Cameron, L. P., Sinning, S., … Tian, L. (2020). Directed Evolution of a Selective and Sensitive Serotonin Sensor via Machine Learning. Cell, 183(7), 1986-2002.e26.
Uthaug, M. V., Lancelotta, R., van Oorsouw, K., Kuypers, K. P. C., Mason, N., Rak, J., Šuláková, A., Jurok, R., Maryška, M., Kuchař, M., Páleníček, T., Riba, J., & Ramaekers, J. G. (2019). A single inhalation of vapor from dried toad secretion containing 5-methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (5-MeO-DMT) in a naturalistic setting is related to sustained enhancement of satisfaction with life, mindfulness-related capacities, and a decrement of psychopathological symptoms. Psychopharmacology, 236(9), 2653–2666.
VanderMaelen, C. P., Matheson, G. K., Wilderman, R. C., & Patterson, L. A. (1986). Inhibition of serotonergic dorsal raphe neurons by systemic and iontophoretic administration of buspirone, a non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic drug. European Journal of Pharmacology, 129(1–2), 123–130.
Vargas, M. V., Dunlap, L. E., Dong, C., Carter, S. J., Tombari, R. J., Jami, S. A., Cameron, L. P., Patel, S. D., Hennessey, J. J., Saeger, H. N., McCorvy, J. D., Gray, J. A., Tian, L., & Olson, D. E. (2023). Psychedelics promote neuroplasticity through the activation of intracellular 5-HT2A receptors. Science, 379(6633), 700–706.
Vargas, M. V., Meyer, R., Avanes, A. A., Rus, M., & Olson, D. E. (2021). Psychedelics and Other Psychoplastogens for Treating Mental Illness. Frontiers in Psychiatry / Frontiers Research Foundation, 12, 727117.
Vesuna, S., Kauvar, I. V., Richman, E., Gore, F., Oskotsky, T., Sava-Segal, C., Luo, L., Malenka, R. C., Henderson, J. M., Nuyujukian, P., Parvizi, J., & Deisseroth, K. (2020). Deep posteromedial cortical rhythm in dissociation. Nature, 586(7827), 87–94.
Vollenweider, F. X., Vollenweider-Scherpenhuyzen, M. F., Bäbler, A., Vogel, H., & Hell, D. (1998). Psilocybin induces schizophrenia-like psychosis in humans via a serotonin-2 agonist action. Neuroreport, 9(17), 3897–3902.
Vollenweider, Franz X., & Preller, K. H. (2020). Psychedelic drugs: neurobiology and potential for treatment of psychiatric disorders. Nature Reviews. Neuroscience, 21(11), 611–624.
Wallach, J., Cao, A. B., Calkins, M. M., Heim, A. J., Lanham, J. K., Bonniwell, E. M., Hennessey, J. J., Bock, H. A., Anderson, E. I., Sherwood, A. M., Morris, H., de Klein, R., Klein, A. K., Cuccurazzu, B., Gamrat, J., Fannana, T., Zauhar, R., Halberstadt, A. L., & McCorvy, J. D. (2023). Identification of 5-HT2A receptor signaling pathways associated with psychedelic potential. Nature Communications, 14(1), 8221.
Wang, H., Qian, T., Zhao, Y., Zhuo, Y., Wu, C., Osakada, T., Chen, P., Chen, Z., Ren, H., Yan, Y., Geng, L., Fu, S., Mei, L., Li, G., Wu, L., Jiang, Y., Qian, W., Zhang, L., Peng, W., … Li, Y. (2023). A tool kit of highly selective and sensitive genetically encoded neuropeptide sensors. Science, 382(6672), eabq8173.
Weinreb, C., Pearl, J., Lin, S., Osman, M. A. M., Zhang, L., Annapragada, S., Conlin, E., Hoffman, R., Makowska, S., Gillis, W. F., Jay, M., Ye, S., Mathis, A., Mathis, M. W., Pereira, T., Linderman, S. W., & Datta, S. R. (2023). Keypoint-MoSeq: parsing behavior by linking point tracking to pose dynamics. BioRxiv : The Preprint Server for Biology. https://doi.org/10.1101/2023.03.16.532307
Wiltschko, A. B., Johnson, M. J., Iurilli, G., Peterson, R. E., Katon, J. M., Pashkovski, S. L., Abraira, V. E., Adams, R. P., & Datta, S. R. (2015). Mapping Sub-Second Structure in Mouse Behavior. Neuron, 88(6), 1121–1135.
Wiltschko, A. B., Tsukahara, T., Zeine, A., Anyoha, R., Gillis, W. F., Markowitz, J. E., Peterson, R. E., Katon, J., Johnson, M. J., & Datta, S. R. (2020). Revealing the structure of pharmacobehavioral space through motion sequencing. Nature Neuroscience, 23(11), 1433–1443.
Yao, Y., Guo, D., Lu, T.-S., Liu, F.-L., Huang, S.-H., Diao, M.-Q., Li, S.-X., Zhang, X.-J., Kosten, T. R., Shi, J., Bao, Y.-P., Lu, L., & Han, Y. (2024). Efficacy and safety of psychedelics for the treatment of mental disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychiatry Research, 335, 115886.
Yasuda, R., Nimchinsky, E. A., Scheuss, V., Pologruto, T. A., Oertner, T. G., Sabatini, B. L., & Svoboda, K. (2004). Imaging calcium concentration dynamics in small neuronal compartments. Science’s STKE: Signal Transduction Knowledge Environment, 2004(219), l5.
Ye, S., Filippova, A., Lauer, J., Schneider, S., Vidal, M., Qiu, T., Mathis, A., & Mathis, M. W. (2022). SuperAnimal pretrained pose estimation models for behavioral analysis. In arXiv [cs.CV]. arXiv. http://arxiv.org/abs/2203.07436
Zafar, R., Siegel, M., Harding, R., Barba, T., Agnorelli, C., Suseelan, S., Roseman, L., Wall, M., Nutt, D. J., & Erritzoe, D. (2023). Psychedelic therapy in the treatment of addiction: the past, present and future. Frontiers in Psychiatry / Frontiers Research Foundation, 14, 1183740.
Zhang, Z., Roberson, D. P., Kotoda, M., Boivin, B., Bohnslav, J. P., González-Cano, R., Yarmolinsky, D. A., Turnes, B. L., Wimalasena, N. K., Neufeld, S. Q., Barrett, L. B., Quintão, N. L. M., Fattori, V., Taub, D. G., Wiltschko, A. B., Andrews, N. A., Harvey, C. D., Datta, S. R., & Woolf, C. J. (2022). Automated preclinical detection of mechanical pain hypersensitivity and analgesia. Pain, 163(12), 2326–2336.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Costa Rican Journal of Psychology
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
El Colegio, como institución editora, tiene todos los derechos reservados (copyright) sobre lo que se publica en la revista. Los autores y las autoras firman una declaración de cesión de derechos de autoría en el caso de aceptación de sus manuscritos para publicación en la revista, conforme con lo establecido en la legislación vigente.
Los artículos publicados representarán el punto de vista de su autoría y no de la revista, por lo que la autoría asume responsabilidad ante cualquier litigio o reclamación relacionada con derechos de propiedad intelectual y exonera de cualquier responsabilidad a la Revista Costarricense de Psicología y al Colegio.
La revista publicará en cada edición su política de acceso abierto (p.ej., Creative Commons). El material publicado en la revista puede ser copiado, fotocopiado, duplicado y compartido siempre y cuando sea expresamente atribuido al Colegio. El material de la revista no puede ser usado para fines comerciales.
